{"id":6180,"date":"2023-07-17T10:26:29","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T08:26:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cr451.fr\/our-history\/"},"modified":"2026-09-10T11:00:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T09:00:24","slug":"our-history","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cr451.fr\/en\/our-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Our History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Header&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_direction=&#8221;135deg&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.45) 0%|#310054 49%|rgba(0,0,0,0) 100%&#8221; background_color_gradient_overlays_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/cr451.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/mario-gogh-VBLHICVh-lI-unsplash.jpg&#8221; background_enable_pattern_style=&#8221;on&#8221; background_pattern_style=&#8221;crosses&#8221; background_pattern_color=&#8221;rgba(255,255,255,0.07)&#8221; background_pattern_size=&#8221;custom&#8221; background_pattern_width=&#8221;11px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||69px||false|false&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;e6504a1b-67eb-4b3d-b023-bcab277610b6&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|800||on|||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#d72a34&#8243; header_4_font=&#8221;Inter|700||on|||||&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#29FF81&#8243; header_4_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; header_4_letter_spacing=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Overview<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;c16985e1-e0d6-4022-964d-e2bfc04fa633&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;90px&#8221; header_line_height=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;60px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;40px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>The Leadership Team<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,3_4&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;95%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/cr451.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/520px-Christian_Harbulot.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;Christian Harbulot&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Christian Harbulot&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;HelveticaNeue Light|||on|||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#310054&#8243; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#310054&#8243; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;21px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Christian Harbulot<\/h2>\n<p>An international expert in economic intelligence, Christian Harbulot has been initiating research on economic confrontation issues and power strategies since the mid-1980s.<br \/>Since the early 2000s, he has focused his work on cognitive warfare and information warfare through content. In January 2022, he founded CR 451, the EGE research center, dedicated to this approach. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Career in Economic Intelligence<\/strong><br \/>In 1990, while serving as Director of External Relations for ADITECH (later ADIT, a national strategic intelligence company), he published &#8220;Offensive Techniques and Economic Warfare.&#8221; His work caught the attention of Edith Cresson, then Prime Minister, leading to his appointment as personal advisor to Henri Martre at the Commissariat G\u00e9n\u00e9ral au Plan to produce the report that would give birth to economic intelligence in France.<br \/>In 1993, he was recruited by the D\u00e9fense Conseil International Group as Operations Director for its economic intelligence department, Intelco. There, he conducted activities in conceptualization, consulting, and raising awareness of EI.<br \/>In 1997, he co-founded the \u00c9cole de Guerre Economique (EGE) with General Pichot-Duclos.  <\/p>\n<p><strong>Participation in National Interest Initiatives<\/strong><br \/>2023: exercise on influence and informational struggles for the promotion of the War College.<br \/>2019-2020: drafting of a scenario on information warfare as part of the organization of an inter-service OSINT exercise entrusted to the EGE by the DRM.<br \/>2010-2011: member of the scientific council of the High Council for Strategic Training and Research.<br \/>2007-2010: organization of seminars for the CSRM on the issue of EI and information warfare (recruited for the occasion under title 9 with the rank of LcL).<br \/>2006-2008: participation in a working group at the DRM on information warfare, under the direction of General Georgelin, Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, and General Masson, Director of the DRM.<br \/>2005: sole private member of the &#8220;information manipulation&#8221; working group convened by Alain Juillet at the SGDN. Granted special France defense confidential clearance for the occasion.<br \/>1995: participation as director of the Intelco department at DCI, in a working committee organized by Prefect Pautrat at the SGDN on informational maneuvers related to the resumption of nuclear tests.2010-2011.<br \/>1992-1994: personal advisor to Henri Martre, president of the &#8220;Economic Intelligence and Corporate Strategy&#8221; group at the Commissariat G\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Plan.<br \/>1992: member of the Competitiveness Commission of the XIth Plan, chaired by Jean Gandois.<br \/>Latest Works<br \/>Co-author with Lucie Laurent and Nicolas Moinet, Economic Warfare, Who is the Enemy? Paris, \u00e9ditions du Nouveau Monde, 2022.<br \/>Coordinator of version 3 of the Manual of Economic Intelligence, Paris, PUF, 2019.<br \/>The Art of Economic Warfare, Paris, VA \u00e9ditions, 2018.<br \/>American Economic Nationalism, Paris, VA \u00e9ditions, 2017.<br \/>The Manufacturers of Intoxication, The Globalized War of Propaganda, Paris, Lemieux \u00e9diteur, March 2016.  <\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,3_4&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;95%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/cr451.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1681229892949.jpeg&#8221; alt=&#8221;Arnaud de Morgny&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Arnaud de Morgny&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;HelveticaNeue Light|||on|||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#310054&#8243; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#310054&#8243; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;21px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Arnaud de Morgny<\/h2>\n<p>Arnaud de Morgny is the Deputy Director of the \u00c9cole de Guerre \u00c9conomique&#8217;s applied research center, CR451. His work primarily focuses on information warfare through content and influence strategies.<br \/>He teaches information warfare at EGE.<br \/>Previously, he served as a parliamentary assistant in the Senate. In this capacity, he contributed to drafting the provisions of the bill proposing the creation of a national Economic Intelligence program, submitted to the Senate on March 25, 2021.<br \/>For 20 years, he has been a trainer in French and European public law and policies for elected officials and then public agents. He has also participated in and led audit missions for international organizations and strategy development missions in public procurement law for French companies.<br \/>In 2023, he co-organized the exercise on influence and informational struggles for the promotion of the War College.   <\/p>\n<p>He coordinates the annual publication of CR451.<\/p>\n<p>He is the president of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epge.fr\">Economic Warfare School of Thought<\/a> (EPGE).<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OverviewThe Leadership TeamChristian Harbulot An international expert in economic intelligence, Christian Harbulot has been initiating research on economic confrontation issues and power strategies since the mid-1980s.Since the early 2000s, he has focused his work on cognitive warfare and information warfare through content. 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